[34] Failure testing of the Tornado's triplex analogue command and stability augmentation system (CSAS) was conducted on a series of realistic flight control rigs; the variable-sweep wings in combination with varying, and frequently very heavy, payloads complicated the clearance process. ", "FIRST UPGRADED TORNADO ECR DELIVERED TO ITALIAN AIR FORCE", "NATO Rejects Gadhafi's Call for Cease-Fire. ", "US fighter shot down by Patriot missile. This resulted in one of the test aircraft being stuck in a mach 1.2 supercruise at high altitude and having to reduce speed by turning the aircraft, because the idle setting at that altitude was so high that the aircraft could not decelerate. [78] In 1991, the RAF introduced TIALD, allowing Tornado GR1s to laser-designate their own targets. [73], The Tornado incorporates a combined navigation/attack Doppler radar that simultaneously scans for targets and conducts fully automated terrain-following for low-level flight operations. FLIR fairing eingerüstet, ist auf den Anlage Bild als Blase über den Burgradfahrwerk zuerkennen. [105] The hydraulic system is pressurised by syphoning power from both or either operational engine; the hydraulics are completely contained within the airframe rather than integrating with the engine to improve safety and maintainability. [167] During the conflict, one aircraft was lost to Iraqi anti-aircraft fire, the pilots ejected safely and were captured by Iraqi forces. : 13. [53] In 2008, AirForces Monthly said of the Tornado: "For more than a quarter of a century ... the most important military aircraft in Western Europe. Farewell Tornado Fast Jet . Around six GR1s were based at Ali Al Salem airbase in Kuwait, contributing the southern no-fly zone as part of Operation Southern Watch. [145], In 2007, a detachment of six Tornados of the Aufklärungsgeschwader 51 "Immelmann" (51st reconnaissance wing) were deployed to Mazar-i-Sharif, Northern Afghanistan, to support NATO forces. [125][89] The ASSTA 3 upgrade programme, started in 2008, will introduce support for the laser-targeted Joint Direct Attack Munition along with further software changes. Defence cuts announced in March 2003 resulted in the decision to retire 90 Tornados from service with the Luftwaffe. British Aerospace (later BAE Systems) upgraded 142 Tornado GR1s to GR4 standard, beginning in 1996 and finished in 2003. [102] The programme was delayed by Rolls-Royce's entry into receivership in 1971. however the nature of the multinational collaboration process helped avoid major disruption of the Tornado programme. ", "Microsoft PowerPoint - IPLC German VSTOL Brief.ppt", "European Nations Plan Mammoth Military Aircraft. In February 2001, Italy announced its arrangement to lease 35 F-16s from the United States under the PEACE CAESAR programme. [10] This approach had been adopted by earlier aircraft, such as the American General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark strike fighter, and the Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 fighter. Saudi reports said that it was lost for 'technical reasons' and that both crew were rescued. At high altitude and low turbine speed the compressor did not provide enough pressure to hold back the combustion pressure and would result in a violent vibration as the combustion pressure backfired into the intake. ASSTA 1 involved a replacement weapons computer, new GPS and Laser Inertial navigation systems. 20 (Designate) Squadron in May 1984 (who were operating the SEPECAT Jaguar GR1 from RAF Brüggen). [50] The German ECRs do not carry a cannon. Lake, Jon. Some of Berlin’s existing Tornado fleet are certified by the US to carry American nuclear weapons. ", "Germany to Withdraw Tornado Jets from Afghanistan. [192][193] No. 16 (Designate) Squadron in January 1984 (who were both Blackburn Buccaneer squadrons). [65] These features, in combination with the thrust reverser-equipped engines, give the Tornado excellent low-speed handling and landing characteristics. From 2025, the Tornados will be replaced by up to 90 Eurofighters built by Airbus and 45 Boeing F-18s, according to news weekly Der Spiegel. [233] In Summer 2010, extra Tornados were dispatched to Kandahar for the duration of the 2010 Afghan election. Alle aktuellen Informationen lesen Sie im Wetter-Ticker von FOCUS Online. [257] On 14 March 2019 the final flight of an RAF Tornado was carried out by Tornado GR4 ZA463, the oldest remaining Tornado, over RAF Marham during the disbandment parade of No. [248] On 14 April 2018, four Tornado GR4s, launched from RAF Akrotiri, struck a Syrian military facility with Storm Shadow cruise missiles in response to a suspected chemical attack on Douma by the Syrian regime the previous week. [223], The GR4 was used in Operation Telic, Britain's contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. [243][244] On 29 September 2014, three days after Parliament approved airstrikes against Islamic State forces inside Iraq, two Tornados conducted their first armed reconnaissance mission in conjunction with coalition aircraft. Bei der Nachfolge für das Kampfflugzeug Panavia Tornado läuft es auf die F-18 aus US-Produktion hinaus, melden die Medien. [266] As of 2010,[needs update] Saudi Arabia has signed several contracts for new weapon systems to be fitted to their Tornado and Typhoon fleets, such as the short range air-to-air IRIS-T missile, and the Brimstone and Storm Shadow missiles. It was used for the Catamaran discipline at the Olympic Games from 1976 to 2008. Könnte ein Wirbelsturm oder ein Tornado auch in Deutschland entstehen? 26 aircraft were converted and were based at RAF Lossiemouth, Scotland. This was Germany's first offensive air mission since World War II. Italian Tornado ECRs differ from the Luftwaffe aircraft as they lack built-in reconnaissance capability and use RecceLite reconnaissance pods. [62][63], In development, significant attention was given to the Tornado's short-field take-off and landing (STOL) performance. [191] The first RAF Tornado GR1 loss was on 27 September 1983 when ZA586 suffered complete electrical failure and crashed. [147][148] In support of the Afghanistan mission, improvements in the Tornado's reconnaissance equipment were accelerated; enhancing the Tornado's ability to detect hidden improvised explosive devices (IEDs). [14] Canada and Belgium had departed before any long-term commitments had been made to the programme;[15] Canada had found the project politically unpalatable; there was a perception in political circles that much of the manufacturing and specifications were focused on Western Europe. [56][108] To fully deploy the thrust reverser during landings, the yaw damper is connected to the steering of the nosewheel to provide greater stability. Dutzende Kampfjets der Bundeswehr müssen bis 2025 ausgemustert werden. [171] The Aeronautica Militare returned its Tornado ADVs to the RAF, with the final aircraft arriving at RAF St Athan on 7 December 2004. On 29 January 1981, the Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment (TTTE) officially opened at RAF Cottesmore, remaining active in training pilots from all operating nations until 31 March 1999. ", "Farnborough: Tornado will go out in style", "Libya: British missiles fired at military sites. The aircraft is equipped with an advanced sensor and defensive aids suite for low-level, deep-penetration missions in all weathers by day and by night. The Tornado ECR is equipped with an emitter-locator system (ELS) to detect radar use. ", Panavia Tornado IDS Attack Bomber on Aerospaceweb.org, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panavia_Tornado&oldid=993487597, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2011, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from February 2019, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Aircraft specs templates using afterburner without dry parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 990 (Panavia Tornado IDS: 745 + Panavia Tornado ADV: 194 + Panavia Tornado ECR: 51). Speculation taking place over Todd Bowles' possible replacement as Jets head coach, Former Packers coach Mike McCarthy interested only in Jets job, report says, Jets deny report linking them to Jim Harbaugh, McLaren 650S replacement coming in 2018 – report, New York Jets deny report of planned pursuit of Jim Harbaugh, Jets will reportedly not 'break the bank' to sign Le'Veon Bell away from Steelers, Virginia Tech on the brink of hiring away Mike Young from Wofford to replace Buzz Williams a report says, Broncos Head Coaching Rumors: Mike Shanahan To Replace Vance Joseph? [278] When the Tornado GR1s were upgraded to become GR4s, GR1A aircraft were upgraded to GR4A standard. [100], Britain considered the selection of Rolls-Royce to develop the advanced engine for the MRCA to be essential, and was strongly opposed to adopting an engine from an American manufacturer, to the point where the UK might have withdrawn over the issue. [18] It has been suggested that Germany deliberately placed an unrealistically high initial order to secure the company headquarters and initial test flight in Germany rather than the UK, so as to have a bigger design influence. Browse 966 tornado jet stock photos and images available, or search for fighter jet to find more great stock photos and pictures. ", "RAF Tornados to replace Harriers in Afghanistan. France had made a favourable offer to Belgium on the Dassault Mirage 5. [179], Italian Tornado A-200 and EA-200 aircraft participated in the enforcement of a UN no-fly zone during the 2011 military intervention in Libya. The ILA takes place in Germany's capital until 13 June 2010. [33] During the type's development, aircraft designers of the era were beginning to incorporate features such as more sophisticated stability augmentation systems and autopilots. [49], Production came to an end in 1998; the last batch of aircraft produced going to the Royal Saudi Air Force, who had ordered a total of 96 IDS Tornados. [151][152] On 13 January 2004, the then German Defence Minister Peter Struck announced further major changes to the German armed forces. [208][207] Early on in the conflict, the GR1s targeted military airfields across Iraq, deploying a mixture of 450 kg (1,000 lb) unguided bombs in loft-bombing attacks and specialised JP233 runway denial weapons. Deutschland sucht neuen Atombomber Der Tornado ist der einzige deutsche Kampfjet, der US-amerikanische Atombomben ins Ziel tragen kann. Michael Stephens died in the crash after ordering ejection. Der Tornado hat eine neue Avionik System Software bekommen, Link 16, neue Radar Warner und neue Waffen wurden eingepflegt. [71] To enhance pilot awareness, artificial feel was built into the flight controls, such as the centrally located stick. ", "UK confirms two Tornado GR4 squadrons will go by June. [198] They were then joined by No. [207] 18 Tornado F3s were deployed to provide air cover, the threat of their long range missiles being a deterrent to Iraqi pilots, who would deliberately avoid combat when approached. ", "German ‘Tornado’ aircraft deploy to Mazar-e Sharif. "[187], Nicknamed the "Tonka" by the British,[188] their first prototype (XX946) made its maiden flight on 30 October 1974 from BAC Warton. [262], On 25 September 1985, the UK and Saudi Arabia signed the Al Yamamah I contract including, amongst other things, the sale of 48 IDS and 24 ADV model Tornados. 31 Squadron respectively. The smaller Tornado has many similarities with the F-111, however the Tornado differs in being a multi-role aircraft with more advanced onboard systems and avionics. [215], After the war's opening phase, the GR1s switched to medium-level strike missions; typical targets included munition depots and oil refineries. Airbus und US-Rivalen reichen Angebote für Tornado-Nachfolger ein A technician works on a German Tornado jet at the air base in Incirlik, Turkey, January 21, 2016. With these upgrades it is projected that the Tornado shall be in service until 2025, more than 50 years after the first prototype took flight. [252] On 31 January 2019, the Tornado GR4 flew its last operational sorties in Operation Shader. The Tornado was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF), Italian Air Force, and RSAF during the Gulf War of 1991, in which the Tornado conducted many low-altitude penetrating strike missions. Als Tornado-Nachfolger stehen in Deutschland neben dem Eurofighter auch zwei Modelle des US-Flugzeugbauers Boeing - die F-15E und die F/A-18 - … 45 (Reserve) Squadron. Aerodynamic forces could force the intakes into the improper position, and so they should have the ability to control the engines if this occurs. [221], The GR1 participated in the Kosovo War in 1999. Jackson, Paul, Kenneth Munson, Lindsay Peacock and John W. R. Taylor, eds. Diese Upgrade hat auch der GR4 in irgendeiner Form erfahren, aber der Unterschied liegt in der Hardware Ausrüstung, so ist u.a. 617 Squadron on 1 January and No. It had only one cannon to accommodate a retractable inflight refuelling probe. “The ban applies to the German anti-Daesh operation contingent in Incirlik, Turkey. [25] Flight testing led to the need for minor modifications. ", "German Air Force Tornado aircraft get more punch for air-to-surface missions. Also ein Beschaffungsmix! [112] Several uprated engines were developed and used on both the majority of Tornado ADVs and Germany's Tornado ECRs. [166], Italian Tornados, along with RAF Tornados, took part in the first Gulf War in 1991. The Panavia Tornado Air Defence Variant (ADV) is a long-range, twin-engine interceptor version of the swing-wing Panavia Tornado.The aircraft's first flight was on 27 October 1979, and it entered service with the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1986. The battery was later attacked in retaliation, no aircraft were lost during the incident. [13], By the end of 1968, the prospective purchases from the six countries amounted to 1,500 aircraft. [35], The contract for the Batch 1 aircraft was signed on 29 July 1976. [189] The first full production Tornado GR1 (ZA319) flew on 10 July 1979 from Warton. [176] Italy has opted to extend the Tornado's service life at the expense of alternative ground-attack aircraft such as the AMX International AMX; in 2010 a major upgrade and life extension programme was initiated, to provide new digital displays, Link 16 communications capability, night-vision goggles compatibility, and several other upgrades. To operate at both high and low speeds with great effectiveness, the Tornado uses a variable-sweep wing. Whilst 25% of the UK's air-launched weapons in Kosovo were precision-guided, four years later in Iraq this ratio increased to 85%. It was capable of tracking up to 20 targets at ranges of up to 160 kilometres (100 mi). Aircraft such as the Tornado and the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon made use of these new technologies. In March, a tornado ripped through the German town of Roetgen, damaging more than 30 houses and injuring five people. [103] Research from the supersonic airliner Concorde contributed to the development and final design of the RB199 and of the engine control units. ", Dorrell, David, ed. To achieve high-speed performance, a swept or delta wing is typically adopted, but these wing designs are inefficient at low speeds. [55][56] For long range missions, the Tornado has a retractable refuelling probe. 28 November, 2015, 12:00 am. [242], In August 2014, Tornado GR4s were deployed to RAF Akrotiri, Cyprus to support refugees sheltering from Islamic State militants in the Mount Sinjar region of Iraq. One hull flying. "World Air Forces Directory". [225][226] In July 2003, a US board of inquiry exonerated the battery's operators, observing the Tornado's "lack of functioning IFF (Identification Friend or Foe)" as a factor in the incident. [122], Beginning in 2000, German IDS and ECR Tornados received the ASSTA 1 (Avionics System Software Tornado in Ada) upgrade. Sie könnten durch den US-Kampfjet F-18 ersetzt werden – und nicht durch den europäischen Eurofighter. [133] When one of the two Tornado wings of the German Navy was disbanded in 1994, its aircraft were used to re-equip a Luftwaffe's reconnaissance wing formerly equipped with RF-4E Phantoms. März) berichtete die Deutsche Presse-Agentur, dass „die überalterte Tornado-Flotte der Bundeswehr vom Jahr 2025 an durch bis zu 90 weitere Eurofighter-Jets sowie 45 F-18-Kampflugzeuge des US-Herstellers Boeing abgelöst werden“ soll. [218], The upgraded Tornado GR4 made its operational debut in Operation Southern Watch; patrolling Iraq's southern airspace from bases in Kuwait. I am sending you some pictures for your archive. Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow. Because the Tornado's variable wings enable the aircraft to drastically alter its flight envelope, the artificial responses adjust automatically to wing profile changes and other changes to flight attitude. [276], The UK Ministry of Defence began studies for a GR1 Mid-Life Update (MLU) in 1984. ", "Germany Announces Major Armed Forces Cuts. IX (B) Squadron and No. The parts included a protective cover for the radio, a landing-gear guard and air-intake door support struts. ", "RAF unveils Brimstone precision strike missile. ", "US 'clears' crew who shot down Tornado. The Tornado was developed and built by Panavia Aircraft GmbH, a tri-national consortium consisting of British Aerospace (previously British Aircraft Corporation), MBB of West Germany, and Aeritalia of Italy. Ein Tornado verwüstete Bützow in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Of these Aeronautica Militare Tornados and AMX fighter-bombers released 550 guided bombs and missiles, and Italian Navy AV-8Bs delivered 160 guided bombs. Tornados were pre-positioned to gather situational awareness in the region. [22] The first flight of a production aircraft was on 10 July 1979. [149] The German Tornados were withdrawn from Afghanistan in November 2010.[150]. The test demonstrated the feasibility of making replacement parts quickly and cheaply at the air base hosting the Tornado. On 17 January 1991, the first Tornado to be lost was shot down by an Iraqi SA-16 missile following a failed low-level bombing run. The Bundeswehr says the jet crashed on Thursday night in western Germany near the city of Koblenz, a few kilometres from its base. [234] British Tornados ended operations in Afghanistan in November 2014, having flown over 5,000 pairs sorties over 33,500 hours, including 600 "shows of force" to deter Taliban attacks. Nach wie vor gibt der Wetterdienst täglich Warnungen raus. ", "Turbo-Union: Programme Milestones Achieved. infographic [58], Tornado operators have undertaken various life extension and upgrade programmes to keep their Tornado fleets as viable frontline aircraft. ", "27 x 145 B ammunition (Switzerland), Cannon – 20 to 30 mm cannon. Vier Modelle sind in der engeren Wahl , sie kämpfen um den lukrativen Auftrag – der Eurofighter Typhoon, FA-35 Lightning II, F15E Strike Eagle und F/A-18 Super Hornet. In 1999 the training command was renamed as Fliegerisches Ausbildungszentrum der Luftwaffe (FlgAusbZLw - Luftwaffe Training Center). [85][89][90] Precision weapons such as cruise missiles have replaced older munitions such as cluster bombs. It was the first time since Operation Desert Storm in 1991 that the Royal Saudi Air Force participated in a military operation over hostile territory. ", "German air force starts tests with upgraded Tornado. [38] The 500th Tornado to be produced was delivered to West Germany on 19 December 1987. [205][206], The Tornado made its combat debut as part of Operation Granby, the British contribution to the Gulf War in 1991. The principal anti-ship weapon was the AS.34 Kormoran anti-ship missile, which were initially supplemented by unguided bombs and BL755 cluster munitions, and later by AGM-88 HARM anti-radar missiles. Germany's Air Force has a special mission: deliver American nukes in the case of a nuclear strike. No. While the Tornado itself was considered, any long term extension to the lease would have involved upgrade to RAF CSP standard and thus was not considered cost effective. [131] Deliveries of production Tornados began on 27 July 1979. Deutschland (Luftwaffe und Marine) haben 359 Tornado (324 IDS / 35 ECR) erhalten, Großbritanien 398 (218 IDS / 180 ADV), Italien 100 (84 IDS / 16 ECR) und Saudi-Arabien 120 (96 IDS / 24 ADV). German tornado jets to boost military campaign. Wir haben es uns zur obersten Aufgabe gemacht, Produktpaletten verschiedenster Art ausführlichst unter die Lupe zu nehmen, sodass die Verbraucher ohne Probleme den Tornado jet kaufen bestellen können, den Sie möchten. It then re-entered Acadia Parish and continued toward Church Point before dissipating. I bought the PC-21 from Skymaster-Jet. "Aircraft of the RAF: Part 1 – Panavia Tornado". The variable wing can adopt any sweep angle between 25 degrees and 67 degrees, with a corresponding speed range for each angle. [111] At the time of the Tornado's introduction to service, the turbine blades of the engine suffered from a shorter life span than desired, which was rectified by the implementation of design revisions upon early-production engines. Today, Panavia shareholders are Alenia Aeronautica SpA (15%), BAE SYSTEMS plc (42,5%) and EADS Deutschland GmbH (42,5%). Power by Wordpress. Fairhill, David. A major part of this announcement is the plan to cut the German fighter fleet from 426 in early 2004 to 265 by 2015. "It was an amazing sight to see," Misheyla Iwasiuk, also a storm chaser, told the CBC. [128], BAE Systems announced that, in December 2013, it had test flown a Tornado equipped with parts that were made with 3D printing equipment. ordered Chief Engineer Ted Talbot from the Concorde development team to provide intake design assistance to the Tornado development team in order to overcome these issues, which they hesitantly agreed to after noting that the Concorde intake data had apparently already been leaked to the Soviet Union. "Tornado Variant Briefing: Part I: IDS and Recce". This page was last edited on 10 December 2020, at 21:39. To avoid this effect the engine controls would automatically increase the minimum idle setting as altitude increased, until at very high altitudes the idle setting was so high, however, that it was close to maximum dry thrust. [126][127] The defence ministry admitted that bright cockpit lights could be a distraction for pilots, and disclosed that the solution will be implemented in a few weeks, but denied the need to fly night missions in Syria. [209] On 19 January, another RAF Tornado was shot down during an intensive raid on Tallil Air Base. This saw 49 RAF Tornado GR1s deploy to Muharraq Airfield in Bahrain and to Tabuk Air Base and Dhahran Airfield in Saudi Arabia. Wenn ja warum? ", "Saudis' UK-made war jets outnumber RAF's", "Breaking: Houthi rebels shoot down Saudi Tornado warplane in north Yemen - Muraselon", "Saudi warplane crashes in Yemen; pilots escape", https://iranpress.com/en/middle_east-i143899-saudi_coalition_confirms_tornado_pilots_captured_by_yemeni_armed_forces, "Chronological Listing of Royal Saudi Air Force Ejections and Losses", "RSAF Gate Guardian Panavia Tornado IDS 765 - Dhahran, Saudi Arabia", "Tornado ZA361 Passes Through the Port of Barcelona, Spain", "Highland Aviation Museum - Inverness - Scotland - United Kingdom", "Two RAF JARTS Tornados coming to Cornwall Aviation Heritage Centre", "RAF Marham team gearing up for Welsh challenge", "Tornado jet added to Imperial War Museum Duxford", "Tornado fighter jet which flew in Afghanistan and Libya has gone on display in Cambridgeshire", "Shrivenham - Defence College, Oxfordshire", "The final assembly of '047' is now complete! Niccoli, Riccardo. Ein Panavia Tornado des Jagdbombergeschwaders 33 der Bundeswehr stürzte während des Red Flag-Manövers ab. BERLIN — Germany will replace most ageing Tornado fighter-bomber jets in its air force fleet with Eurofighter aircraft but buy a share of the replacements from US manufacturer Boeing, media reported Friday. On FB under the name “Jaberg Christoph” there are still construction photos of the PC-21. Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment, coalition operations against the Islamic State, 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, United States began conducting air attacks against the Islamic State, National Museum of the United States Air Force, Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow, (UK Mk 20) Paveway II/Enhanced Paveway II, Paveway III (GBU-24)/Enhanced Paveway III (EGBU-24), List of active United Kingdom military aircraft, "Panavia Tornado total production source from panavia homepage", "British-French Work On New Military Plane Periled by Cost Fight. The mission envisaged during the Cold War was the delivery of conventional and nuclear ordnance on the invading forces of the Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe; this dictated several significant features of the design. It flies fantastic and I am very satisfied. [106] In case of double-engine, or double-generator, failure, the Tornado has a single-use battery capable of operating the fuel pump and hydraulics for up to 13 minutes. ", "German war jets against anti-G8 protesters. ", "First Upgraded Tornado Re-delivered to Royal Saudi Air Force. According to Talbot, the Concorde engineers had determined the issue with the Tornado intake was that the engine did not respond to unexpected changes in the intake position, and therefore the engine was running at the wrong setting for a given position of the intake ramps. the angle of the wings in relation to the fuselage) can be altered in flight at the pilot's control. [165] As a stop-gap measure for 10 years the Aeronautica Militare additionally operated 24 Tornado ADVs in the air defence role, which were leased from the RAF to cover the service gap between the retirement of the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter and the introduction of the Eurofighter Typhoon. To make the problem worse, their management team incorrectly filed a patent on the Concorde design, and then tried to sue the British engineers who had provided the design to them. A tri-nation training and evaluation unit operating from RAF Cottesmore, the Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment, maintained a level of international co-operation beyond the production stage. [197], RAF Germany (RAFG) began receiving Tornados after the formation of No. [239], On 18 March 2011, British Prime Minister David Cameron announced that Tornados and Typhoons would enforce a no-fly zone in Libya. Germany (Luftwaffe and German Navy) received 359 Tornado (324 IDS / 35 ECR), United Kingdom 398 … This led to a reduction in its Tornado strength to four wings by September 2005. IX (B) Squadron relocated from RAF Honington to RAF Brüggen on 1 October 1986, arriving in a diamond nine formation. This was because the Concorde had similar issues due to control pressure not being high enough to maintain proper angles of the intake ramps. Die Luftwaffe setzt den Schwenkflügler TORNADO als schweren Jagdbomber (Interdiction and Strike - IDS) und in der Variante ECR (Electronic Combat Reconnaissance) zur Bekämpfung radargeführter Flugabwehr ein.