"[179], The CCP has retained close relations with the remaining socialist states still espousing communism: Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam and their respective ruling parties as well as North Korea and its ruling party, which officially abandoned communism in 2009. The Three Represents defines the role of the Communist Party of China, and stresses that the Party must always represent the requirements for developing China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. [198], On 24 July 2020 the CCP expelled an outspoken and influential property tycoon, Ren Zhiqiang, who denounced CCP general secretary Xi. [155] The party committees "of a county (banner), autonomous county, city not divided into districts, or municipal district [are] elected for a term of five years", but full and alternate members "must have a Party standing of three years or more. mit Ihrer Spende leisten Sie einen Beitrag zum Erhalt und zur Weiterentwicklung unseres Angebotes, das wir mit viel Enthusiasmus und Hingabe pflegen. [38][note 2] Sun eased the conflict between the communists and their opponents. [116] Despite this, in a paradoxical relation, members of a body are ranked hierarchically (despite the fact that members are in theory equal to one another). [2] In April 1920, the Foreign Affairs Division of its Vladivostok Branch sent Voitinsky to develop Marxism in China, Korea and Japan. [147] The party's newspaper, the People's Daily, is under the direct control of the Central Committee[148] and is published with the objectives "to tell good stories about China and the (Party)" and to promote its party leader. 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[59] The second stage, lasting from July 1946 to June 1947, saw the KMT extend its control over major cities, such as Yan'an (the CCP headquarters for much of the war). [193] Before the 1980s, the CCP had a highly negative and dismissive view of social democracy, a view dating back to the Second International and the Marxist–Leninist view on the social democratic movement. [163], The Communist Youth League (CYL) is the CCP's youth wing, and the largest mass organization for youth in China. Sie sagte an ihre…, From "define: gerrymander" in Google: To divide a county or nation into representative distr…, wie uebersetzt man Parteiungen, bitte? [129] The first plenary session of a newly elected central committee elects the general secretary of the Central Committee, the party's leader; the Central Military Commission (CMC); the Politburo; the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC); and since 2013, the Central National Security Commission (CNSC). Liste Europa. [120] Mao once quipped that democratic centralism was "at once democratic and centralized, with the two seeming opposites of democracy and centralization united in a definite form." Und China ist auch nicht als Demokratie verkleidet. The System of Multi-Party Cooperation and Political Consultation", "General Secretary of CPC Central Committee", "Chinese power play: Xi Jinping creates a national security council", "Communist Party mouthpiece People's Daily launches English news app in soft power push", "Constitution of the Communist Party of China", "China's Communist Party worries about its grassroots weakness", "Membership in the Communist Party of China: Who is Being Admitted and How? 1: 388 cm in length and 192 cm in width; no. Geben Sie hier Ihren kompletten Text ein und klicken Sie dann auf ein Wort. [42] The peasants even robbed military supplies, but the communists had little change. [167] On 28 April 1942, the Central Politburo decreed the establishment of a sole official flag. [81] Hu resigned from his post as CCP General Secretary and Chairman of the CMC at the 18th National Congress held in 2012, and was succeeded in both posts by Xi Jinping. [136] The general secretary has, since Jiang Zemin, also served as Chairman of the CMC. The Central Committee of the CCP,[35] Joseph Stalin,[36] and the Comintern[37] all hoped that the CCP would control the KMT, even though they differ in strategy and timing. [63], Stalin proposed a one-party constitution when Liu Shaoqi visited the Soviet Union in 1952. [63] There is a largely separate group of professionalized military officers, serving under top CCP leadership largely through formal relationships within institutional channels. [59] The KMT's successes were hollow; the CCP had tactically withdrawn from the cities, and instead attacked KMT authorities by instigating protests amongst students and intellectuals in the cities (the KMT responded to these events with heavy-handed repression). 1955 wird Li Keqiang in Hefei geboren. [67] He had not proposed that other parties should be led before,[68] although the CCP had actually controlled the most political power since 1949. [23] The party's leader recently holds the offices of General Secretary (responsible for civilian party duties), Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) (responsible for military affairs) and State President (a largely ceremonial position). "[106], The 3rd Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee conceived and formulated the ideology of the Scientific Outlook on Development (SOD). "[167] On 21 September 1966, the CCP General Office issued "Regulations on the Production and Use of the CCP Flag and Emblem", which stated that the emblem and flag were the official symbols and signs of the party. [161] The CCP currently has 90.59 million members,[162] making it the second largest political party in the world after India's Bharatiya Janata Party. Natürlich auch als App. Kommuniqués [57] Despite their formal alliance, the CCP used the opportunity to expand and carve out independent bases of operations to prepare for the coming war with the KMT. "[155] The local Standing Committee (analogous to the Central Politburo) is elected at the first plenum of the corresponding Party Committee after the local party congress. US-Außenminister Mike Pompeo hat die in China regierende Kommunistische Partei als „die zentrale Bedrohung unserer Zeit“ für westliche Prinzipien bezeichnet. 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According to the Dui Hua Foundation, tactics such as cigarette burns, beatings and simulated drowning are among those used to extract confessions. "[111] Despite this, the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee upheld the creed "Maintain the dominance of the public sector and strengthen the economic vitality of the State-owned economy. "[102][103] Certain segments within the CCP criticized the Three Represents as being un-Marxist and a betrayal of basic Marxist values. Die Kommunistische Partei China (chinesisch 中国共产党, Pinyin Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) wurde im Juli 1921 in Shanghai auf der Grundlage des Marxismus und Leninismus gegründet. [165] However, the Central Committee (and all central organs) of the CYL work under the guidance of the CCP central leadership. [27] The CCP continued supporting the Wuhan KMT,[50] On 15 July 1927 the Wuhan KMT finally expelled all communists. The Russians eagerly wanted to foster pro-Russian forces in the Far East to fight against anti-communist countries, especially Japan. Um Vokabeln speichern und später lernen zu können, müssen Sie angemeldet sein. [55] The result was increased centralization of power within the party . ", "I am a Marxist. [182] Communication between the CCP and the PCC has increased considerably since the 1990s, hardly a month going by without a diplomatic exchange. [107] It is considered to be Hu Jintao's contribution to the official ideological discourse. [124] While discussions do take place, they are all supervised by the CCP. [123] Despite all this, the CPPCC is a body without any real power. [114] Because of this there is considerable optimism within the CCP that despite the current capitalist dominance of globalization, globalization can be turned into a vehicle supporting socialism. [97] According to Robert Lawrence Kuhn, a China analyst, "When I first heard this rationale, I thought it more comic than clever—a wry caricature of hack propagandists leaked by intellectual cynics. [124], The National Congress is the party's highest body, and, since the 9th National Congress in 1969, has been convened every five years (prior to the 9th Congress they were convened on an irregular basis). The CCP claims it origins in the May Fourth Movement of 1919, during which radical Western ideologies like anarchism and Marxism gained traction among Chinese intellectuals. Ein anderer wichtiger Aspekt für die Fußballer …, What is KP?Here it is from the Sueddeutsche today:Für den Autobauer siegt das Geschäft über …, leo Partei CDU Bin mir nicht sicher welches Wort ich einsetzen muss, Sein Satz "Der Islam gehört inzwischen zu Deutschland" sorgte dabei für das größte Aufsehen –, Ich habe den folgenden Kontext: May selbst räumte mittlerweile Fehler ein. Mao Zedong was appointed commander-in-chief of one Red Army, and led the Autumn Harvest Uprising. But the 100-year horizon comes from serious political theorists". [155], As of 30 June 2016, individuals who identify as farmers, herdsmen and fishermen make up 26 million members; members identifying as workers totalled 7.2 million. [74] Jiang Zemin supported Deng's thinking, and stated in a party gathering that it did not matter if a certain mechanism was capitalist or socialist, because the only thing that mattered was whether it worked. [182] In general the CPV is considered a model example of socialist development in the post-Soviet era. Seine Herrschaft war eine der grausamsten, welche die Welt jemals gesehen hat: Für bis zu … Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für 'SUCHWORT' in LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch. "[188] While the CCP accepts that Singapore is a liberal democracy, they view it as a guided democracy led by the PAP. With more than 91 million members, the CCP is the second largest political party in the world after India's Bharatiya Janata Party. .... an den politischen Parteiungen, Kaempfen und Ve…, ...party endorsements may offer a type of judgement shortcut that allow citizens to infer th…, Die informierte Partei bestätigt schriftlich, dass alle bei ihr erstellten Kopien vernichtet…, Die in Ziffern 14.1 bis 14.4 jeweils freistellende Partei ist von ihren Verpflichtungen in d…. "A Partocracy with Chinese Characteristics: Governance System Reform under Xi Jinping.". [181] While Chinese analysts of North Korea tend to speak positively of North Korea in public, in official discussions circa 2008 they show much disdain for North Korea's economic system, the cult of personality which pervades society, the Kim family, the idea of hereditary succession in a socialist state, the security state, the use of scarce resources on the Korean People's Army and the general impoverishment of the North Korean people. An China ist nichts kommunistisch außer der Name der Partei. The KMT soon unified southern China through war from 1926 to 1927. [195] The CCP concluded that both parties were re-elected because they modernized, replacing traditional state socialist tenets with new ones supporting privatization, shedding the belief in big government, conceiving a new view of the welfare state, changing their negative views of the market and moving from their traditional support base of trade unions to entrepreneurs, the young and students. [192] Of special fascination for the CCP is the 71-year-long rule of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in Mexico. [92] According to the CCP, "Marxism–Leninism reveals the universal laws governing the development of history of human society. [69], During the 1960s and 1970s, the CCP experienced a significant ideological separation from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The flag sleeve (pole hem) is in white and 6.5 cm in width. [45] On April 12 to 15, Chiang massacred 300 (5,000 disappeared) with the aid of the Green Gang. [194] By 2008, the CCP claimed to have established relations with 99 political parties in 29 Latin American countries. ", "[...] their theory that capitalism is the ultimate has been shaken, and socialist development has experienced a miracle. [157] Party committee members in each level are selected by the leadership in the level above, with provincial leaders selected by the central Organizational Department, and not removable by the local party secretary. Partia e Punës e Shqipërisë (PPSh), von 1941 bis 1991, kommunistisch; Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë (1991), kommunistisch Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë 8 Nëntori, kommunistisch He helped Chen found the Shanghai Revolutionary Bureau, also known as the Shanghai Communist Group. [120] The goal of democratic centralism was not to obliterate capitalism or its policies but instead it is the movement towards regulating capitalism while involving socialism and democracy. "[123] This process is institutionalized in the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). From 1945 until 1949, the war had been reduced to two parties; the CCP and the KMT. Dann deaktivieren Sie AdBlock für LEO oder spenden Sie! CCP members grew tremendously after the 4th congress, from 900 to 2,428 in year 1925, because Voitinsky changed their strategy. The red color symbolizes revolution; the hammer-and-sickle are tools of workers and peasants, meaning that the Communist Party of China represents the interests of the masses and the people; the yellow color signifies brightness. [159], In contrast to the past, when emphasis was placed on the applicants' ideological criteria, the current CCP stresses technical and educational qualifications. Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für 'Kommunistische Partei Chinas' in LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch. Aktivieren Sie JavaScript für mehr Features und höhere Geschwindigkeit beim Abfragen. According to the party's constitution, a congress may not be postponed except "under extraordinary circumstances. [100], —Vladimir Lenin on the Marxist rationale for keeping private property. [30] The congress elected Chen as the first general secretary. [27] Voitinsky found the Far Eastern Secretariat of the Communist International (Comintern) at Shanghai. "[167] In total the flag has five dimensions, the sizes are "no. Hinweis: Spenden an die LEO GmbH sind leider nicht steuerlich abzugsfähig. [120] In the words of the party constitution, "The Party is an integral body organized under its program and constitution and on the basis of democratic centralism". [55], The Second Sino-Japanese War caused a pause in the conflict between the CCP and the KMT. Sie können aber jederzeit auch unangemeldet das Forum durchsuchen. Nur durch eigenen Machterhalt und gesellschaftliche Geschlossenheit glaubt die alleinregierende kommunistische Partei, China in eine glänzendere Zukunft führen zu können. [164] The organizational structure of CYL is an exact copy of the CCP's; the highest body is the National Congress, followed by the Central Committee [zh], Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. For instance, Hu Jintao stated in 2012 that the Western world is "threatening to divide us" and that "the international culture of the West is strong while we are weak ... Ideological and cultural fields are our main targets". CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966112–113 (. [132] It convenes at least once a week. [164] It controls and supervises Young Pioneers, a youth organization for children below the age of 14. [72] Deng won the struggle, and became the "paramount leader" in 1978. [193] By the 1980s, that view had changed and the CCP concluded that it could actually learn something from the social democratic movement. The ruling political party of the People's Republic of China. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten Aussprache und relevante Diskussionen Kostenloser Vokabeltrainer Ihr Schwerpunkt liegt auf Persönlichkeiten, die in der Volksrepublik China als Vorbilder gelten, d. h. einen erzieherischen Vorbildcharakter für Soldaten, Arbeiter, Jugendliche und Kinder haben sollen. [33][34] Then they found the KMT, a party founded by Sun Yat-sen, which was leading the Guangzhou government to confront the Northern government. "[137] The general secretary serves as the Chairman of the CNSC. [178] In recent years, noting the self-reform of the European social democratic movement in the 1980s and 1990s, the CCP "has noted the increased marginalization of West European communist parties. [63][88], —Jiexiong Yi, a senior Marxist researcher at Beijing University and the Central Party School. [94], While non-Chinese analysts generally agree that the CCP has rejected orthodox Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought (or at least basic thoughts within orthodox thinking), the CCP itself disagrees. [80] The insistence on focusing on economic growth led to a wide range of serious social problems. Officially, the CCP is committed to communism and continues to participate in the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties each year. After the KMT captured Wuhan in October 1926, the leftist movement promoted by the CCP and the Comintern quickly got out of control. [193] The CCP credits the European social democrats with creating a "capitalism with a human face". III, p. 519. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLi2009 (, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFYu2010 (, Guo, Baogang. It controls the country's armed forces, the People's Liberation Army (PLA). In official party documentation and pronouncements by Xi's colleagues, the thought is said to be a continuation of previous party ideologies as part of a series of guiding ideologies that embody "Marxism adapted to Chinese conditions" and contemporary considerations. [155] A Party Committee must convene for at least two plenary meetings a year. Noch nicht registriert? [30] He was referred as "China's Lenin". Das Sozialkredit-System (SKS, chinesisch 社会信用体系, Pinyin shèhuì xìnyòng tǐxì, englisch Social Credits) ist ein online betriebenes Rating- bzw. [57] While the front formally existed until 1945, all collaboration between the two parties had ended by 1940. In unseren Foren helfen Nutzer sich gegenseitig. [51], A battalion led by General Zhu De was ordered to take the city of Nanchang on 1 August 1927; initially successful, they were forced into retreat after five days, marching south to Shantou, and from there being driven into the wilderness of Fujian. "[155] To join, an applicant has to be between the ages of 14 and 28. "[96] The attainment of true "communism" is still described as the CCP's and China's "ultimate goal". [119], The CCP's organizational principle is democratic centralism, which is based on two principles: democracy (synonymous in official discourse with "socialist democracy" and "inner-party democracy") and centralism. [119] In practice, the core was not responsible to the collective leadership. They called the opponents ″rightists″. Chiang and Chen proposed solutions,[note 3] but both were rejected by the Comintern. "[155] At the beginning of its history, the CCP did not have a single official standard for the flag, but instead allowed individual party committees to copy the flag of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. [63], As part of Jiang Zemin's nominal legacy, the CCP ratified the Three Represents for the 2003 revision of the party's constitution, as a "guiding ideology" to encourage the party to represent "advanced productive forces, the progressive course of China's culture, and the fundamental interests of the people. Die für diesen Herbst sorgfältig geplante Machtübergabe an die „Fünfte Generation“ wird nun, wenn überhaupt, nur nach harten hektischen Wochen innerparteilicher Auseinandersetzungen ordentlich über die … "[189] Other parties which the CCP studies and maintains strong party-to-party relations with are the United Malays National Organisation, which has ruled Malaysia (1957–2018), and the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan, which dominated Japanese politics since 1955. [181] In general, the analyses of the remaining socialist states and their chances of survival have been positive, and the CCP believes that the socialist movement will be revitalized sometime in the future. [62] From this time through the 1980s, top leaders of the CCP (like Mao Zedong, Lin Biao, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping) were largely the same military leaders prior to the PRC's founding. [191] The longevity of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party is attributed to the personalization of power in the al-Assad family, the strong presidential system, the inheritance of power, which passed from Hafez al-Assad to his son Bashar al-Assad, and the role given to the Syrian military in politics. Der absolute Führungsanspru… The Communist Party of China (CPC;[21] simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; traditional Chinese: 中國共產黨; pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng), commonly known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),[22] is the founding and sole governing political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). [141] The CC also has direct control over the Central Policy Research Office, which is responsible for researching issues of significant interest to the party leadership,[144] the Central Party School, which provides political training and ideological indoctrination in communist thought for high-ranking and rising cadres,[145] the Party History Research Centre, which sets priorities for scholarly research in state-run universities and the Central Party School,[146] and the Compilation and Translation Bureau, which studies and translates the classical works of Marxism. [120] This has been the guiding organizational principle of the party since the 5th National Congress, held in 1927. USCC - China's Overseas United Front Work - Background and Implications for the United States.pdf 1,275 × 1,650, 39 pages; 1.13 MB Wang Guangya.jpg 194 … [60] The objective was clearing "Central China, strengthening North China, and recovering Northeast China. The dimension of the pole hem is not included in the measure of the flag. [196], In June 2020, Cai Xia, a retired professor of CCP's Central Party School, voiced criticisms against Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the CCP, in which she compared Xi to a "mafia boss" and the ruling Communist Party a "political zombie". Chiang's allies also attacked communists; In Beijing, Li Dazhao and 19 other leading communists were executed by Zhang Zuolin,[46][47][48] Affected by this stimulus, the peasant movement supported by the CCP also became crazier. He believed that the KMT serves all the Chinese, and KMT members should not be divided into left or right. [114] The insistence that globalization is not fixed in nature comes from Deng's insistence that China can pursue socialist modernization by incorporating elements of capitalism. [136] Unlike the collective leadership ideal of other party organs, the CMC chairman acts as commander-in-chief with full authority to appoint or dismiss top military officers at will. Dies ist eine Liste von Persönlichkeiten der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas (Abk. [82][83], Since taking power, Xi has initiated a wide-reaching anti-corruption campaign, while centralizing powers in the office of CCP General Secretary at the expense of the collective leadership of prior decades. [85] Xi's leadership has also overseen an increase in the Party's role in China. [65][66] Mao said that China should implement a multi-party system under the leadership of the working class revolutionary party (CCP) on the CCP's 8th Congress in 1956. Anmeldung und Nutzung des Forums sind kostenlos. [78] In the 1990s, the CCP transformed from a veteran revolutionary leadership that was both leading militarily and politically, to a political elite increasingly regenerated according to institutionalized norms in the civil bureaucracy. [195] The CCP followed this with great interest, laying most weight on reform efforts within the British Labour Party and the Social Democratic Party of Germany. According to the party constitution, the CCP adheres to Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, socialism with Chinese characteristics, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought. Ye Dehui, a famous scholar, was killed by the communists, causing shock in China. [75] The protests having been crushed, Deng's vision on economics prevailed, and by the early 1990s the concept of a socialist market economy had been introduced. [129] According to the party constitution, the general secretary must be a member of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), and is responsible for convening meetings of the PSC and the Politburo, while also presiding over the work of the Secretariat. [60] The result was that the CCP was able to cut off KMT garrisons in Manchuria and retake several lost territories. [110], Deng did not believe that the fundamental difference between the capitalist mode of production and the socialist mode of production was central planning versus free markets. "[111] At the 15th National Congress, the party line was changed to "make market forces further play their role in resource allocation"; this line continued until the 3rd Plenary Session [zh] of the 18th Central Committee,[111] when it was amended to "let market forces play a decisive role in resource allocation. [90] The CCP puts a great deal of effort into the party schools and into crafting its ideological message. [59] With the cooperation of the Americans and the Japanese, the KMT was able to retake major parts of the country. Die Kommunistische Partei Chinas fürchtet nichts mehr als offen zur Schau getragenen Dissens. [123] All the parties in the United Front support China's road to socialism, and hold steadfast to the leadership of the CCP. Die kommunistische Partei um Präsident Xi Jinping nutzt in China den Fußball als Vorzeigebeispiel für ihr Streben nach einer gleichförmigen Gesellschaft. [63] As a result, informal personal ties between political and military leaders dominated civil-military relations.